Source:  NCDA&CS, 3/8/19

A mule in Transylvania County is suspected of contracting equine infectious anemia. The mule displayed clinical signs and at necropsy had histopathological changes consistent for EIA. Additional blood from the animal was not available for testing for EIA, so, out of an abundance of caution, the case is considered presumptive positive by animal regulatory health officials.

“The mule was euthanized by the owner as it was not doing well,” said Dr. Michael Neault, director of livestock and animal health programs with the North Carolina Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services. “Other equine at the facility were tested and were negative for EIA. They will be observed and retested in 60 days. No other equids reside in the neighboring area.”

EIA is an incurable disease most commonly spread between horses, mules and donkeys, in close proximity to biting flies. Clinical signs of EIA include fever, weakness, weight loss, anemia and edema, and death. However, affected equine may not show symptoms. All infected equine, including those that are asymptomatic, are carriers of the disease. The disease does not affect people.

There are typically a small number of cases of EIA in the United States every year, although the disease is common in other parts of the world. There are typically a small number of cases of EIA in the United States every year, although the disease is common in other parts of the world. EIA is controlled in the United States by regular testing before traveling across state lines, trail riding with equids of unknown status, and/or exhibition. The test for EIA is commonly called a Coggins test. There is no approved vaccine for EIA in the United States.

To help prevent infection, follow these guidelines:
• Use sterile, disposable needles and syringes, one per equine, for all vaccines and medications.
• Test all equid for EIA every year, and at the time they enter a new premise.
• Keep stables and other facilities sanitary. Regularly clean stalls and properly dispose of manure away from equine stabling areas.
• Implement approved insect controls, such as insecticides and good drainage of standing water, to minimize fly presence.
• Only participate in events that require evidence of negative Coggins test for every equine entering the event to prevent disease introduction and spread.
• Isolate new equine on a property until they are tested for EIA.
• Never mix infected and healthy animals. Do not breed equids infected with EIA.
• Follow state laws covering EIA.

Equine owners who have concerns about their animal’s health should contact their local veterinarian. For more information about EIA or other animal diseases in North Carolina, go to http://www.ncagr.gov/vet/DiseaseAlerts.htm. Fact sheets for EIA are available from N.C. State University at this link: https://cvm.ncsu.edu/equine-infectious-anemia-facts/. If you have questions, please email NCEquinePassport@ncagr.gov or call the Veterinary Division at 919-707-3250.